HomeMy WebLinkAboutDRB_02252016 - packet City of Ukiah
Design Review Board
� '�"� Thursday February 25, 2016 � '��
3:00 p.m.
Conference Room 5
The Design Review Board encourages applicants and/or their representatives to be available at the meeting to
answer questions so that no agenda item need be deferred to a later date due to a lack of pertinent information.
1. CALL TO ORDER: UKIAH CIVIC CENTER, CONFERENCE ROOM #5
300 SEMINARY AVENUE, UKIAH
2. ROLL CALL: Members Liden, Thayer, Nicholson, Hawkes, and Morrow
3. CORRESPONDENCE: None.
4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: The minutes from the September 17, 2015 and September 24, 2015
meetings will be available for review and approval at the Thursday February 25, 2016.
5. AUDIENCE COMMENTS ON NON-AGENDA ITEMS: The City of Ukiah Design Review Board
welcomes input from the audience. In order to be heard, please limit your comments to three
(3) minutes per person and not more than ten (10) minutes per subject. The Brown Act
regulations do not allow action to be taken on audience comments.
6. NEW BUSINESS:
A. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) presentation from
Nancy Sawyer Community Services Officer Ukiah Police Department; and
B. City of Ukiah Zoning Code Amendment revision discussion:
a) Revise parking lot tree shade requirement to reflect 15 years instead of
10 years;
b) Revise maximum fence height in the R-1 zone from 6 feet to 7 feet for
consistency with the building code.
7. MATTERS FROM THE BOARD:
8. MATTERS FROM STAFF:
9. SET NEXT MEETING: March 10, 2016
10. ADJOURNMENT:
Americans with Disabilities Act Accommodations. Please be advised that the City needs to be notified 72 hours in advance of a
meeting if any specific accommodations or interpreter services are needed in order for you to attend. The City complies with ADA
requirements and will attempt to reasonably accommodate individuals with disabilities upon request. Please call (707) 463-6752 or
(707)463-6207 to arrange accommodations.
��ty � u�iah City of Ukiah, CA
Design Review Board
1
2 MINUTES
3
4 Regular Meeting September 17, 2015
5
6 Ukiah Civic Center, 300 Seminary Avenue
7 1. CALL TO ORDER: Vice Chair Hawkes called the Design Review Board meeting to
8 order at 3:00 p.m. in Conference Room #3.
9
10 2. ROLL CALL Present: Vice Chair Howie Hawkes, Alan Nicholson,
11 Colin Morrow
12
13 Absent: Chair Tom Liden, Nick Thayer
14
15 Staff Present: Kevin Thompson, Principal Planner
16 Shannon Riley, Senior Management Analyst
17
18 Others present: Holly Brackmann
19 Roger Foote
20
21 3. CORRESPONDENCE:
22 Vice Chair Hawkes referenced correspondence from Member Thayer that will be incorporated
23 into the minutes as attachment 1.
24
25 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: The minutes from the July 9, 2015 and August 13, 2015
26 meetings are available for review and approval.
27
28 The July 9, 2015 DRB meeting minutes were approved at the August 13, 2015 DRB meeting.
29
30 M/S Nicholson/Hawkes to approve August 13, 2015 minutes, as submitted with Member Morrow
31 abstaining. Motion carried.
32
33 5. AUDIENCE COMMENTS ON NON-AGENDA ITEMS
34
35 The DRB is required by the City Code to review and make a recommendation on all Site
36 Development Permit applications.
37
38 6. NEW BUSINESS:
39 6A. Minor Site Development Permit to allow the construction of an electrical vehicle charging
40 station and associated improvements in an existing parking lot located at 351 N. Oak
41 Street. The charging stations will be available 24 hours a day 7 days a week.
42
43 Principal Planner Thompson gave a staff report:
44 • Proposed project will consist of eight electric car charging stations; Each charging station
45 will have a sign; Four SuperCharger equipment cabinets; switchgear; transformer and
46 two 71/2-foot pedestrian lights. The switchgear will be placed on a concrete pad and
47 enclosed with Trex fencing. The fence will be eight feet high. The transformer will also be
48 placed on a concrete pad.
49 • The project will be located in a City-owned parking lot at the corner of S. School Street
50 and W. Clay Street.
51 • After looking at sites in different locations within the City Tesla has indicated the
52 proposed site located in the City public parking lot adjoining the Ukiah Valley Conference
Design Review Board September 17, 2015
Page 1
1 Center (Parking Lot E) is 'ideal' because of its proximity to services and electric utility
2 access, its aesthetics, and the presence of a landscaped area that will mostly screen the
3 equipment. Tesla would pay the City's Electric Department for labor and equipment,
4 landscaping around the station, and other infrastructure-related costs.
5 • The site design plans and information related to the materials, signage, lighting are
6 provided for in the staff report packet for reference purposes.
7
8 Vice Chair Hawkes:
9 • Inquired about the discretionary review process and the reason the Tesla electrical
10 vehicle charging station project was first reviewed by City Council.
11
12 Principal Planner Thompson:
13 • A reason for City Council review early on in the discretionary review process is that the
14 Tesla project involves City-owned property and the applicant wanted to make certain
15 problems/issues were properly addressed so as to make a decision whether the project
16 could move forward in the process.
17 • The Tesla project is essentially viewed as an economic development tool. If the City can
18 capture Tesla drivers recharging their electric vehicles in the Downtown area for 40
19 minutes to an hour, this is viewed as an economic benefit to the City, particularly as they
20 dine and shop in the Downtown while waiting for their car to recharge.
21 • Tesla has a very sophisticated design plan and associated specific criteria for the siting of
22 a supercharging location. The site has many amenities that makes it attractive in that
23 there is an existing transformer/other existing infrastructure and it is located in the
24 Downtown area.
25
26 Member Morrow:
27 • Rents office space in the professional building located adjacent to the City-owned parking
28 lot and asked staff to explain the nature of the lease and/or the concession between the
29 City and Tesla.
30
31 Senior Management Analyst Riley:
32 • It is likely the reason the DRB did see the project first is the project was not initially
33 looked at as a development matter that needed to go through the discretionary review
34 process but rather a ground lease on a City-owned parking lot. City Council approves
35 City leases.
36 • Provided a project overview as well as an update of the process to date.
37
38 Roger Foote:
39 • Is a Tesla electrical vehicle owner.
40 • Is supportive of the project and as a user provided technical information about the
41 operational aspects of superchargers and the different charging levels for electrical
42 vehicles.
43 • Tesla supercharging stations are a relatively new concept. From an aesthetic perspective
44 generally likes the proposed design concept but questions/is unclear about the red and
45 white color concept for the individual charging connectors/stations.
46
47 Holly Brackmann:
48 • Roger Foote contacted Tesla with the idea of trying to coordinate some kind of
49 supercharging station project with the recently approved Grace Hudson Museum Garden
50 Project.
51 • Also elaborated on the technical aspects of supercharging electrical vehicles.
52
53 There was general discussion about electrical vehicles (EV) and the different type of charging
54 station levels.
Design Review Board September 17, 2015
Page 2
1
2 DRB comments:
3
4 Member Morrow:
5 • Biggest project concern is the choice of`Trex' material proposed for the Tesla equipment
6 enclosure. It is incongruous with the other structures in the neighborhood and provides
7 for a `cheap' appearance. Would like to see some type of natural wood product as an
8 alternative material.
9 • Has observed that portions of the site near the fencing/bike rack/trash receptacle and
10 City transformer tends to be hangout place for transients. Does not want to see trash
11 thrown over the fence as this would become a City nuisance for property owners and an
12 eyesore. Would like to see measures taken to see this does not occur with regard to the
13 existing infrastructure in this location.
14 • Who is responsible for maintenance concerning the project and how often does
15 maintenance need to occur?
16
17 Vice Chair Hawkes:
18 • Noted Member Thayer had a similar comment in his email to staff dated September 17,
19 2015.
20
21 Principal Planner Thompson:
22 • Will ask the applicant about the besUmost effective approach to prevent/deter trash from
23 being thrown over the fence.
24 • The lease agreement states tenants shall be responsible for maintenance. No timeframe
25 is specified for maintenance to occur. In working with the Tesla people noticed they are
26 very committed and particular about the location and how the project looks/operates.
27 • The site is located in close proximity to City Hall so it is possible that staff can inform
28 Tesla of problems and/or of maintenance issues. Will ask Tesla about
29 maintenance/formulating a maintenance schedule and management thereof.
30
31 Senior Management Analyst Riley:
32 • Related to the project there has been discussion about existing transient population in the
33 area and the associated issues thereof. As such the operating equipment will take up
34 space between the parking lot and fence such that access in this area will be limited. The
35 proposed pedestrian lighting system that will be installed for the project will also help
36 deter transient activity occurring in the area.
37 • Has not given thought to the potential for trash to be thrown over the fence. The issue of
38 possible graffiti occurring to the proposed equipment enclosure and/or other project
39 components is a concern.
40 • Agrees that the use of`Trex' material may not be the best choice. Questioned whether or
41 not`Trex' is easier to clean than natural wood in the event of graffiti occurring.
42
43 Vice Chair Hawkes:
44 • Acknowledged `Trex' is a plastic based fiber-type of product that would likely make it easy
45 to clean.
46 • Natural wood for the equipment enclosure could be epay wood and/or an exotic/tropical
47 wood of some kind.
48
49 It was noted `Trex' could be power-washed.
50
51 Member Morrow:
52 • Natural wood can also be power-washed.
53 • Understands Member Thayer does not support the use of`Ebay' type of wood.
Design Review Board September 17, 2015
Page 3
1 • Is of the opinion `epay wood' is a fashionable and/or high-end type of wood such that the
2 design would fit better with the whole `Tesla' concept/character and/or superchanging
3 station protege.
4 • Supports selecting a material that architecturally fits with the Victorian design of the
5 building located to the north of the project and/or take some 'queues'from this building.
6
7 Roger Foote:
8 • Finds from an aesthetic perspective the charging stations themselves stand out more
9 appearance-wise than the equipment enclosures.
10
11 Member Nicholson:
12 • Recalls `Trex' is not an approved/acceptable material for use in the DZC areas. `Trex' is a
13 specific term for a generic plastic-based material. Related to the formulation of the DZC
14 and corresponding process it was decided not every item could be listed that might or
15 might may not be an approved material but rather in general supports that artificial
16 composite materials be discouraged. As a replacement material, recommends the
17 application of hardboard/cement board that come in a variety of colors. Is of the opinion
18 hardboard/cement board looks a lot cleaner, is durable and would be good for 50 years.
19
20 Principal Planner Thompson:
21 • Related to the DZC standards, does not see that`Trex' is expressly prohibited.
22 • Referred to Table 12: materials section of the DZC and noted footnote 6 says, `Synthetic
23 materials such as hardboard, sidings and stone (e.g., limestone, glazed tile, and heritage
24 materials known to be used historically in Ukiah) may also be allowed if it accurately
25 simulates the natural material and has equal or better weathering characteristics. The
26 use of the material is at the discretion of the review and authority (i.e., Planning
27 Commission, Zoning Administrator, Director).'
28
29 Member Morrow:
30 • Asked if Member Nicholson is proposing large hardboard panels or strips?
31
32 Member Nicholson:
33 • Related to use of hardboard panels or strips would leave this decision to the applicant.
34 • Stucco would be an appropriate material to use.
35 • Would not support the use `Trex' material in the DZC districts.
36 • Noted the Savings Bank of Mendocino County constructed an architecturally pleasing
37 trash enclosure structure using stucco and metal.
38 • Would like to see a material type that would be `righY for an urban civic installation in the
39 Downtown area. Could use material that would fit with the design aspects of the Alex
40 Thomas Plaza. The material could be modern in appearance and in context/keeping with
41 the character of the Tesla supercharging protege.
42 • Would not support the use of corrugated metal for this particular project.
43 • Related to the photographic simulations, the hinges have a `hardware store' appearance
44 and do not look like they should be used on a civic-minded installation.
45 • Again, would recommend cement board that can be done in panels/individual panels,
46 shiplap, larger modules, etc.
47 • Likes the project and supports approval.
48
49 Vice Chair Hawkes:
50 • Corrugated metal would not be architecturally compatible with Tesla's modern electrical
51 vehicle type of project and the Victorian building located to the north of the proposed
52 project.
53
Design Review Board September 17, 2015
Page 4
1 There was a general discussion concerning the design and material selection of Tesla
2 supercharging stations in other communities.
3
4 There was also discussion about the number of Tesla dedicated supercharging stations and
5 regular parking spaces and how the proposed project will work relative to parking enforcement
6 and/or other potential issues in connection with the Downtown parking improvements.
7
8 There was further discussion with examples given about the length of time it takes to charge
9 electrical vehicles that depend on the vehicle level type.
10
11 The DRB reviewed Member Thayer's comments as provided in attachment 1 of the minutes with
12 specific questions/comments about the necessary trenching and tree protection on the site with
13 regard to the Live Oak tree between the Ash and the proposed cabinet, operation of the parking
14 lot pertinent to the dedicated charging stations and regular parking spaces, landscaping/tree
15 species, proposed `Trex' brand composite lumber for the equipment enclosure and site
16 design/layout in conjunction with the overall function as a public parking lot.
17
18 Principal Planner Thompson:
19 • Will consult with Tesla about maintenance, alternative materials that could be used in
20 place of the proposed `Trex' material and/or measures to prevent/discourage other
21 nuisance issues, such as trash.
22 • Will craft a project condition of approval that will specifically address trenching for
23 equipment and tree protection such that if a tree(s) is damaged or dies it shall be
24 replaced.
25 • The proposed project will be reviewed by the Zoning Administrator.
26
27 DRB consensus:
28 • Supports either the use of epay wood, hardboard/fiber cement board, or stucco in natural
29 earth tone colors in place of the proposed `Trex' material for the equipment enclosure
30 structure.
31 • Supports Member Thayer's recommendation regarding the tree species for the one tree
32 being proposed for removal.
33 • Provide for tree protection during trenching to accommodate the necessary
34 undergrounding of equipment for the charging stations.
35 • Replace any landscaping/trees damaged during construction.
36
37 M/S Nicholson/Morrow to recommend Zoning Administrator approval of the Minor Site
38 Development permit to allow construction of an electrical vehicle charging station at 351 S. Oak
39 Street with consideration given to the DRB comments concerning the design aspects of the
40 project made above.
41
42 7. MATTERS FROM THE BOARD:
43
44 8. MATTERS FROM STAFF:
45
46 9. SET NEXT MEETING
47 The next regular meeting will be Thursday, October 8, 2015. There will a special DRB meeting on
48 Thursday, September 24, 2015 at 3:00 p.m. to review the request for a major site development
49 permit for the renovation of the existing Redwood Tree Carwash on N. State Street.
50
51 10. ADJOURNMENT
52 The meeting adjourned at 4:08 p.m.
53
54
55 Cathy Elawadly, Recording Secretary
Design Review Board September 17, 2015
Page 5
Attachm�nt # �
Kevin Thompson
From: Michelle Johnson
Sent: Thursday, September 17, 2015 10:58 AM
To: Kevin Thompson
Subject: FW: DRB Meeting September 17th 2015 -Tesla comes to town
From: Nicholas Thayer [mailto:mailCa�lateafternoon.coml
Sent:Thursday, September 17, 2015 10:27 AM
To: Michelle Johnson; Alan Nicholson
Cc: colin@morrowlegal.com; Howell Hawkes (howie@pacific.net); Tom Liden
Subject: DRB Meeting September 17th Z015 -Tesla comes to town
Greetings All,
After reviewing the application for the electrical charging station I have a few comments and questions:
+ Generally approving of the project, seems the best location of those proposed in town.
+Will these parking stalls be dedicated only to those cars that are using the charging station? Will non-
charging cars be ticketed for using these spaces otherwise? Will advisory signs be posted to that effect? Has
the Ukiah Main Street Program weighed in with their opinion, as they seem particularly sensitive to loosing any
parking stalls downtown?
+One tree is being proposed for removal, but no plans to illustrate how it will be replaced. Applicant
must include species, location, and container size of�'eplacement. Suggest 24"box Platanus x acerifolia
`Bloodgood' replacement in suitable open location of border.
+ Necessary trenching will negatively effect existing Ash shade tree adjacent to parking
stalls. Application needs to address how utility lines will be routed to not impact tree health. Trenching can not
cut laterally across root system of tree. Besides effecting water and nutrient uptake, the tree will be potentially
unstable in windy conditions.
Alternately the Applicant could remove this tree and replant with a 36"box Platanus x acerifolia
`Bloodgood' in a similar location to the existing Ash tree.
+ The Privet tree can be safely removed during construction. Was not intentionally planted.
+ The Live Oak between the Ash and the proposed cabinet needs to be protected with fencing during
construction. It is young enough to regrow from any root damage.
+ A landscape screening plan should be submitted by the Applicant to address the site
disturbance. There is discussion in the application package from Staff that Applicant to respond to.
+The Trex brand composite lumber of the cabinet seems inappropriate for this location, particularly at
eight feet in height. A puzzling choice of materials from a car manufacturer known for their progress designing
styling. Alternate materials need to be proposed.
i
If ventilation requirements allow, suggest a painted masonry or fiber cement sided enclosure with metal
doors. This would, at least, create a connection with the adjacent Alex Thomas Plaza construction and be less
visually obtrusive than the plastic fake wood look of the Trex.
Happy to clarify any of these points. Best of luck with the project, Nick
Nicholas Thayer
mail cr,lateafternoon.com
707-462-5133 office
707-362-0680 mobile
z
��ty � u�iah City of Ukiah, CA
Design Review Board
1
2 MINUTES
3
4 Regular Meeting September 24, 2015
5
6 Ukiah Civic Center, 300 Seminary Avenue
7 1. CALL TO ORDER: Chair Liden called the Design Review Board meeting to order at
8 3:00 p.m. in Conference Room #3.
9
10 2. ROLL CALL Present: Chair Liden, Howie Hawkes, Alan Nicholson,
11 Colin Morrow
12
13 Absent: Nick Thayer
14
15 Staff Present: Kevin Thompson, Principal Planner
16 Michelle Johnson, Assistant Planner
17
18 Others present: Jerry Martyn
19
20 3. CORRESPONDENCE:
21
22 4. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: The minutes from the September 17 meeting will be
23 available for review and approval at the October 8, 2015 meeting.
24
25 5. AUDIENCE COMMENTS ON NON-AGENDA ITEMS
26
27 The DRB is required by the City Code to review and make a recommendation on all Site
28 Development Permit applications.
29
30 6. NEW BUSINESS:
31 6A. Request for Major Site Development Permit for the renovation of the existing Redwood
32 Tree Carwash at 859 North State Street, APN 002-091-17,
33 File No.: Munis 1257-SDP-PC.
34
35 Principal Planner Thompson:
36 • Gave a project description as provided for on page 1 of the staff report where the intent is
37 to renovate/upgrade the existing 1,152 square foot carwash to a more automated
38 operation that would include site improvements to include landscaping and equipment.
39
40 Member Thayer submitted project comments that are incorporated into the minutes as
41 attachment 1.
42
43 Ed Blair, Tunnel Vision dba Blair Engineering:
44 • Attachment 1 of the staff report provides for a comprehensive detail of the project with
45 regard to project description, technical aspects, building elevations/architectural details,
46 signage, and site layout.
47 • Referred to attachment 2 of the staff report that addresses the project description and
48 request for additional information from City Planning staff and noted the scope of the
49 project is to remodel the existing vehicle wash detail bay and upgrade into an automated
50 conveyor wash bay using state of the art construction and wash equipment technologies.
Design Review Board September 24, 2015
Page 1
1 • Currently the carwash is located in a building that is self-operating. The intent is to
2 improve the wash site by moving the hand wash out of the self-serve wash bay and
3 corresponding property to the adjoining site and provide for more of a mechanical
4 operation. Currently there are five wash bays on the site. The proposal is to remove one
5 wash bay. Three remaining hand wash bays will remain.
6
7 Chair Liden:
8 • Will the existing southern stalls remain or will they be disassembled?
9 • Requested clarification the existing hand wash bay will become like the other two bays
10 next to it?
11 • Will employees presently doing the hand washing of cars now be doing the detailing?
12 • Does every car get detailed or is this process added on by individual choice?
13 • Asked about the exterior materials on the bay building?
14 • Related to security, will the carwash close its doors at night?
15
16 Member Hawkes:
17 • How will the stacking of cars occur on the site waiting to be washed?
18 • Asked about circulation on the site with regard to the carwash and how this works.
19
20 Member Morrow:
21 • Will customers be driving their own cars through the carwash?
22 • Requested clarification the southern 2/3 of the existing wash bar area would remain in
23 use?
24 • Are there plans to renovate the existing structure on the site with the new?
25 • Will there be lighting on the structure?
26
27 Member Nicholson:
28 • Asked for clarification regarding the renovation with regard to site and building
29 layout/orientation.
30 • The Ukiah Planning Commission has been working to `unify' State Street. It was fairly
31 controversial when Taco Bell and Colonial Sanders were developed on N. State Street.
32 The design of the proposed renovated carwash does not architecturally fit with the other
33 buildings associated with the Redwood Tree gas station facilities. Is of the opinion this is
34 the opportunity to `unify' the design/architecture of the associated Redwood Tree gas
35 station buildings whether it be color coordination, textures, overhangs, etc. The design
36 concept is a `box' structure. Architecturally speaking, the design is confusing. It may be
37 all associated buildings be painted the same color to provide for aesthetic continuity.
38
39 Ed Blair:
40 • Initially the intent for the Redwood Tree Car Wash was to have three self-serve carwash
41 bays, but ended up using one bay as a hand carwash. What is being proposed is to
42 migrate from the three-bay carwash and utilize an existing two-wash bay in the rear of the
43 property and eliminate one bay. At present, there are five wash bays on the site. What is
44 being proposed is the removal of 540 sq. ft. from the north wash bay and equipment
45 room and saving/reusing the existing 540 sq. ft. south bay structure and increase the bay
46 by 360 sq. ft.
47 • Confirmed the existing hand wash bay would become operational like the two bays next
48 to it where the equipment/apparatus inside will be eliminated/abandoned.
49 • Stacking is referred to as `cars waiting' for the wash process where the design intent is to
50 mitigate certain stacking parameters. The carwash, as proposed, is located outside the
51 purview of the City's Commercial Development Design Guidelines. Stacking begins at the
52 point of the wash process and extends to the street where the question is how many cars
53 can be standing in reserve? To define/clarify, the cars that have gone behind pay post
54 after the transaction are in queue such that the computer has that particular wash in its
Design Review Board September 24, 2015
Page 2
1 memory. The cars that are waiting from the street to the pay point are really `the
2 stacking.' Related to stacking is of the opinion there is sufficient room for the stacking of
3 eight cars. The project description regarding reconstruction of the carwash operation
4 involves the addition of the wash lane entrance with stacking space for seven cars.
5 • Explained how circulation works on the site with regard to the carwash operation and
6 stacking. What will occur is a car would enter the driveway and go through the wash
7 process out to the detail operation and then out to the street. The detail area will remain
8 the same as it presently operates.
9 • What currently occurs with regard to the dynamics of the crew pit is that there are
10 approximately three employees that receive cash payment and prep cars to go through
11 the wash process, where two of these three people will migrate to the detail side of the
12 operation. There still has to be an employee that monitors/manages the entrance of the
13 conveyor.
14 • The matter of detailing is essentially a marketing tool. The configuration of how car
15 washing blends with detailing is called an `express wash' where a car goes through the
16 carwash process and leaves. The carwash and detail operations are compatible with one
17 another and blend together.
18 • Confirmed customers will drive their own cars through the carwash. Customers are
19 encouraged to stay in the car. It used to be customers got out of their cars and it was
20 determined this causes problems, including an increase in stacking. Presently there is
21 much better/more efficient equipment for carwash operations so customers are
22 encouraged to stay in their cars through the process. Carwash operations have come into
23 a new era of capability with regard to equipment and washing materials. It is a whole new
24 and positive experience for customers.
25 • Related to the proposed renovation and building layout, the proposed plan is to remove
26 the north wash bay and equipment room and use the existing south wash bay structure
27 as the primary entrance and add 20 feet to the back side of the structure.
28 • Referred to the site plans related to the self-serve wash bay and noted this would return
29 to its original form of three total self-serve wash bays. There are currently three wash
30 bays and explained how the carwash and detail operations are occurring. The proposed
31 renovation will blend the two operations into a more cohesive/efficient process and again
32 explained what is occurring with the north and south bays.
33 • Confirmed the business owner has no plans at this time to renovate existing structures on
34 the site to match new. There are no changes to any other buildings on the site.
35 • The bay building will be a Basalite stone wall material, which is an adaptive product
36 particularly for a carwash structure as it pertains to moisture content/issues.
37 • Confirmed there will be lighting on the structure, primarily for security purposes. The
38 carwash will not operate 24 hours.
39 • The business owners/operators will make the decision whether or not to have doors.
40 Doors on carwash establishments are used, but not always. Ukiah has many carwash
41 establishments that do not have doors.
42 • Related to the proposed design, all that is being done is re-siding the existing building
43 where the intent is to architecturally tie the buildings together. For example, under the
44 pretense of a remodel the intent was to break up the surface to include the redwood
45 trellis which is consistent with the Redwood Tree gas station theme. The carwash is
46 approximately 150 feet from the back of the sidewalk so the building is set back far
47 enough not to stand out visually. Also, there is really no other view of the building from
48 any other angle. The existing trees will be retained/maintained along the south property
49 line and is of the opinion this is a great `living wall.' While it may be challenging to add
50 solar power later since the trees are big this is a concept the applicant would like to
51 consider where a determination will be made in this regard once the building is in place.
52 The intent of the design concept is for the customer to have a great experience and that
53 their needs are sufficiently met.
54
Design Review Board September 24, 2015
Page 3
1 Discussion of comments submitted by Member Thayer where specific modifications were made to
2 the landscape plan:
3 • Applicant's planting plan does not reflect a knowledge of mature plant sizes,
4 plant nomenclature or thorough suitability to our climate.
5 ■ Specifically: "Lagerstomia" and "Pisacia" should read Lagerstroemia and
6 Pistachia.
7 • The Chinese Pistache is a fine tree, there are just too many in the small space at
8 the back of the property. Suggest two trees for this space. And place two trees
9 at the entry to the car wash. The Crape Myrtles are not effective shade trees for
10 the large amount of paving on the project.
11 ■ The Miscanthus transmorrisonensis is overplanted for the mature size of this
12 grass.
13 ■ The Boston ivy is vastly overplanted for the scale of the structure. One vine can
14 be as much as 50' x 50'. The plan shows 5 in a 10' (?) stretch.
15 ■ The Phormium `Yellow Wave' will burn in this type of high summer heat, paved
16 location. It is also far too large at maturity for the narrow planting
17 strip. Applicant could try Phormium 'DueY for similar effect, but no guarantee
18 this selection will not sun burn as well.
19 • The Xylosma congestum is entirely unsuitable for the location drawn. It is a
20 small tree is left unpruned, and has rather vicious thorns. It would need to be
21 pruned twice a month to keep it from blocking view through the driving
22 lanes. Suggest a more suitable small shrub selection of Caryopteris x
23 clandonensis or Rhaphiolepis x'Georgia Petite'.
24
25 Member Nicholson:
26 • Member Thayer is good at knowing what works and does not work for landscaping. The
27 aforementioned comments should be part of the record.
28 • Asked if the owner has any concerns about over planting of landscaping in terms of tree
29 canopy and shade.
30
31 Ed Blair:
32 • Related to the landscaping recommendations from Member Thayer, noted the
33 aforementioned is basically the same plant list for a similar-type project he was involved
34 with in Santa Rosa where the landscaping for this project is beautiful.
35 • Discussed the issue of shade trees and location.
36
37 Member Morrow:
38 • Asked if the applicant representative consulted with an arborist for the Santa Rosa
39 project?
40 • Asked about the origin of the landscape plan for the Santa Rosa project.
41
42 Ed Blair:
43 • Consulted with no arborist. Landscaping selection was from a plant list from another
44 project where the plant species selected were quantified relative to number and size in
45 gallons necessary.
46 • The landscape plan for the Santa Rosa gas station project came from the original site
47 design of 2011.
48
49 Jerry Martyn:
50 • Related to landscaping, the intent is to comply with City landscaping standards.
51 Acknowledged the importance of having a landscape architect that understands what
52 vegetative species works and what does not and that takes into consideration the drought
53 conditions.
54
55 Member Nicholson:
Design Review Board September 24, 2015
Page 4
1 • Recommends landscaping consideration be given to the future on the site rather than
2 base/focus on past practices for a project done in Santa Rosa. Related to tree plantings,
3 do not want to overcrowd the site.
4 • Supports the Planning Commission review the landscaping plan and design aspects of
5 the project. It is not the purview of the DRB to require applicants `scrape off their
6 properties and propose architectural masterpieces.' While the proposed renovation will
7 improve the operation of the carwash from a design perspective the project does not fit
8 architecturally with the other buildings associated with the business.
9 • Is of the opinion the applicants/property owner should respond to the DRB comments
10 and/or acknowledge the comments thereof so that the Planning Commission has this
11 information/feedback.
12 • Asked about signage for the project? Is the proposed signage located on the site plans?
13
14 Member Hawkes:
15 • It appears most of the suggestions made are that fewer trees get planted to avoid
16 potential `overcrowding' in a few years.
17 • Will self-serve bays be an option for customers?
18 • Requested clarification the carwash will feature metal siding and roofing and `split-face
19 block?'
20
21 Chair Liden:
22 • Asked about the existing signage on the street.
23
24 Ed Blair:
25 • Acknowledged the landscaping needs to be adequately maintained and managed.
26 • Related to landscaping, preference is to consider the line-of-sight and to keep customers
27 focused on what they need to focus on and that is driving ahead within the radius curb
28 and without distraction/impairment of line-of-sight from landscaping.
29 • Would be fine with responding to the DRB's comments. The focus is to make certain the
30 product is right for the customer.
31 • Confirmed that self-serve bays are available.
32 • Referred to the staff report, attachment 1, section 5 regarding the sign details, that
33 exhibits examples of signs proposed for the carwash operation and explained how
34 signage would work and provided a detail on the different fixtures.
35 • Acknowledged the proposed signage complies with the City sign ordinance.
36 • Confirmed the carwash building will have metal siding and roofing and split-face block.
37
38 The applicant indicated the location of the sign is documented on the topographical site plans, but
39 staff was unable to confirm this information.
40
41 Ed Blair:
42 • The street signage will remain the same. The intent relative to most of the signage is how
43 to effectively direct customers on the site and this would be accomplished through the
44 use of directional signs, etc.
45 • The applicant is required to submit a sign package for approval by the City Building and
46 Planning Department that will disclose the total square footage for the signage.
47
48 Member Nicholson:
49 • The square footage for the signage would not likely be an issue.
50 • Again has concern about the color scheme not matching/well-coordinated with the other
51 buildings on the site.
52 • Likes the project.
53
Design Review Board September 24, 2015
Page 5
1 There was discussion concerning the signage and whether or not it is possible and/or necessary
2 to calculate the square footage for all of the signage since the type of signage varies some of
3 which is customized to fit the need of a carwash protocol with regard to the selling of individual
4 products to self-clean cars and the like while other signs are for informational/directional
5 purposes.
6
7 There was discussion concerning the color scheme for the carwash.
8
9 Member Morrow:
10 • It appears the overall site with be a bit eclectic with the historical Redwood Tree site, the
11 new carwash bays and other service station repair operations on the site. Does not have
12 knowledge whether or not the existing service station repair shop will remain the same.
13 • Would like to see some effort made to architecturally tie the whole parcel together.
14 • It may be the carwash needs to be better advertised using effective/tasteful signage
15 because he was not aware of a carwash operating on the site since the building is
16 setback considerably from State Street.
17
18 DRB consensus:
19 • The site is eclectic with the different uses and corresponding design differentials
20 regarding the buildings on the parcel. Would like to see some effort made to
21 architecturally unify the parcel and/or provide for some design continuity/harmony with
22 regard to the existing historical Redwood Tree gas station/ proposed new carwash and
23 existing gas station repair operation whether it is a paint palate or some other design
24 feature made to the structures that better unifies the parcel architecturally.
25 • Planning Commission to review and consider Member Thayer's recommended
26 landscaping proposals and make a determination concerning the landscaping plan.
27 • Would like to see more effort made to aesthetically unifying the existing signs with those
28 of the self-car wash.
29
30 Jerry Martyn:
31 • There are plans to better unify the south end of the property with the existing canopy for
32 the former Redwood Tree Service station that was obviously designed for a major oil
33 company and presently used for parking purposes.
34
35 M/S Nicholson/Hawkes to recommend approval of the proposed major site development permit
36 with consideration given to the aforementioned DRB comments.
37
38 7. MATTERS FROM THE BOARD:
39
40 8. MATTERS FROM STAFF:
41
42 9. SET NEXT MEETING
43 The next regular meeting will be Thursday, October 8, 2015.
44
45 10. ADJOURNMENT
46 The meeting adjourned at 4:13 p.m.
47
48
49 Cathy Elawadly, Transcriptionist
50
51
52
53
54
55
Design Review Board September 24, 2015
Page 6
Attachm�nt # �_ ..� �
Cathy Elawadly
From: Nicholas Thayer<mail@lateafternoon.com>
Sent: Saturday, September 19, 2015 12:10 PM
To: Michelle Johnson
Cc: Tom Liden; colin@morrowlegal.com; Howell Hawkes (howie@pacific.net);
alan@andesignstudio.com
Subject: Re: DRB Packets 09242015
Importance: High
Thanks Michelle,
Apologies that I will not able to attend.
Here are a few thoughts and corrections on the submittal from a planting plan perspective. No
comments on the architecture or site development components.
+ Applicant's planting plan does not reflect a knowledge of mature plant sizes, plant nomenclature or
thorough suitability to our climate.
+ Specifically:
+ "Lagerstomia" and"Pisacia" should read Lagerstroemia and Pistachia.
+ The Chinese Pistache is a fine tree, there are just too many in the small space at the
back of the property. Suggest two trees for this space. And place two trees at the entry to the car wash. The
Crape Myrtles are not effective shade trees for the large amount of paving on the project.
+ The Miscanthus transmorrisonensis is overplanted for the mature size of this grass.
+ The Boston ivy is vastly overplanted for the scale of the structure. One vine can be as
much as 50' x 50'. The plan shows 5 in a 10' (?) stretch.
+ The Phormium `Yellow Wave' will burn in this type of high summer heat, paved
location. It is also far too large at maturity for the narrow planting strip. Applicant could try Phormium `Duet'
for similar effect, but no guarantee this selection will not sun burn as well.
+ The Xylosma congestum is entirely unsuitable for the location drawn. It is a small tree
is left unpruned, and has rather vicious thorns. It would need to be pruned twice a month to keep it from
blocking view through the driving lanes. Suggest a more suitable small shrub selection of
Caryopteris x clandonensis or Rhaphiolepis x 'Georgia Petite'.
Best,N
Nicholas Thayer
mail(c�lateafternoon.com
707-462-5133 office
707-362-0680 mobile
1
1 ITEM NO. 6A
Community Development and Planning Department
��ty � u�ah 300 Seminary Avenue
Ukiah, CA 95482
planninq(c�cityofukiah.com
(707)463-6203
2
3 DATE: February 25, 2016
4
5 TO: Design Review Board
6
7 FROM: Michelle Johnson-Assistant Planner
8
9 SUBJECT: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) presentation-Nancy
10 Sawyer Community Services Officer-Ukiah Police Department
11
12
13 Presentation
14
15 Nancy Sawyer works with the City of Ukiah Police Department as a Community Service Officer-
16 Business Liaison & Volunteer Coordinator. Nancy performs varied and routine non-sworn police
17 work that includes; crime prevention, crime investigation, parking enforcement, animal care
18 and control, community intervention, and code enforcement. Nancy also works as the Business
19 Liaison for the Police Department educating on how to keep local businesses safe through
20 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED), and organizing the Business Watch
21 Program.
22
23 How does Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) relate to Planning &
24 Design? Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a methodology that
25 directly addresses the relationship between the physical environment and the incidence of
26 crime. Through CPTED, practitioners advocate for a wide array of active participants to improve
27 safety in a community by providing a physical environment that promotes positive behavior and
28 deters criminal activity. Interpretation and implementation continue to vary, but the rise of
29 community policing efforts and Problem-Oriented Policing as an approach by police
30 departments have solidified CPTED's role in future planning and community development
31 efforts. Nancy will be reviewing all future projects in regards to this methodology as part of the
32 department review process; she will be discussing in greater detail her experience and role in
33 this process at our February 25, 2016 meeting.
34
35
36
37 Attachment:
38
39 1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design-General Guidelines For Designing
40 Safer Communities.
41
1
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���, n
J oF Qu��p�ONS
Crime Prevention
Throu h Environmental Design
Gene�al Guidelines For Designing Safe� Cornrnunities
City of Virginia Beach
Municipal Center
Virginia Beach,VA 23456-9040
Contents
Page
Introduction 4
Understanding CPTED 5
Design & Planning Process 6
CPTED Strategies 7
Design Questions 9
Residential Design R.ecommendations 11
Educational Facility Design Recommendations 15
Commercial Design Recommendations 17
Landscaping Recommendations 23
Lighting Recommendations 24
APPENDIX 25
Law Regulation and Policy Supporting CPTED 26
Research BriefslResources/Reference Materials 33
Acknowledgments 34
Introduction
3
Crime Prevention Through En►vironmental Design
Crime Prevention Through Environxnental Design,CPTED, is based on the idea that the proper design and effective
use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of crime, and an improvement in the
quality of life. In other words,if a site is laid out well,the likelihood of it being targeted for a crime may be reduced.
Crime Prevention is defined as the anticipation,recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the irutiation of some
action to remove or reduce it. CPTED takes crime prevention one step further by studying the site design and
working with the development comrnunity and public development agencies in an attempt to create safer designs in
new and existing developments.
The following guidelines were prepared by the City of Virginia Beach's CPTED Committee to be used as a tool for
planners and design professionals to build a"Quality Physical Environment"with the idea of reducing opportunity
for crime to occur.
It is the CPTED Committee's desire to disseminate this information to design professionals and the development
community so that these principles can be incorporated whenever possible in the design phase.
Disclaimer:
The CPTED document is a guideline providing techniques and strategies. In a few areas fihis guide may conflict with
the Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC) in some occupancy types, in that instance the USBC will be the
prevailing document.
Some of the CPTED techniques and strategies relate to hardening of security devices on windows and doors. Careful
attention must be given to this activity as it could lead to the inability of occupants or firefighters to use normal
escape routes. When a modification to a required means of egress is preferred in an existing structure a permit is
required from the�ivision of Perniits and Inspections.
"The proper design and effective use of the bt�ilt environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of
crime, and improvement of the quality of life. "- CPTED, as defined by the National Crime Prevention Institute
4
Understanding CPTED
CPTED design strategies have evolved over time. While many of the actual techniques have been in use for hundreds
of years, it has only been in the last few decades that urban experts such as Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman have
explored the relationship between the built environment and criminal behavior.
Each of the following CPTED strategies offer guidelines which,as a property owner,builder,or remodeler,you can
apply to reduce the fear and incidence of crime and improve the quality of life.
These design guidelines are intended to stimulate design professionals to address urban security problems. Project
teams are encouraged to be innovative in developing solutions which limit the exposure of urban communities to
incidences of crime.
Purpose Of Design Guidelines:
• To make members of the Development Community and City Staff aware of Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design and implement creative solutions whenever possible.
• To inform developers, design professionals and the public of the possible reduction of criminal opportunity
when CPTED principles are used during the initial planning stages of a development.
• To describe design alternatives which could have an adverse affect on opportunities for criminal activity.
Effective participation depends upon understanding the design and planning process (See Design and Planning
Process Chart following page). These include the individual planning activities and their sequence, the timing of
various decisions,who makes the decisions, and how to incorporate these CPTED principles into the process. The
ability to incorporate these principles depends also on the information available to communicate roles,and authorities
that influence the design and construction of new development. This guide is intended to share information on
terminology and the process with partners from other agencies, identify steps in the development process where
CPTED concepts can be introduced,and help clarify how agencies and outside groups can work together during the
review of projects.
S
DESI�tY Al�ii]PL�-tNMNG PRUCESS
Design Process Plan Review Pro��s
Schemadc Desi�,n
Desigp Development -� Plan Submission
W
$tnPf Revlew
Planning Commis+dep
Reuiew aad A rmqi
Clty Council
�- Revlew su�d�rproval
Conatructlan Docum�mts
� Build�g and
Envfironment�l PaormLts
B1J dla�NegoUatlon
Constraction
�
CPTED STRATEGIES:
CPTED is based on four elements:
Natural Surveillance
Natural Surveillance is a design concept directed primarily
at keeping intruders under observation. It utilizes design �
�
features to increase the visibility of a property or building. c ; � ..
The proper placement and design of windows,lighting,and
landscaping increases the ability of those who care to ' , r��'y'��'i-'
_�:� 1�.L•::._ ' €
observe intruders as well as regular users,and thus provides ;� �: . �_, �
the opporlunity to challenge inappropriate behavior or � �f ,-
report it to the police or the property owner. When natural � �
surveillance is used to its greatest advantage, it maximizes � � �
the potential to deter crime by making the offender's
behavior more easily noticeable to a passing individual, �
police patrol, or private security detail. � -
Natural Surveillance-The Visual Connection: - -
Provide a good visual connection between residential a o - � � ._
and/or commercial units and public environments such as ---
streets,common areas,parks,sidewalks,parking areas and _ _
alleys. Place activity rooms such as kitchens, living/family
rooms and lobbies to allow for good viewing of parking,
streets and/or common areas. Managers, doormen, attendants, and security personnel should have extensive
views of these areas.
Natural Access Control
Natural access control employs elements like doors,shrubs,fences,and gates to deny admission to a crime target
and to create a perception among offenders that there is a risk in selecting the target. The primary thrust of an
access control strategy is to deny access to a crime target and to create a perception of risk to offenders. Physical
and mechanical means of access control-locks,bars,and alarms can supplement natural access control measures
if needed. A fence around a neighborhood playground is an example of an access control measure that protects
children from wandering off and inhibits entry of potential offenders.
Natural Access Control- The Spatial Definition:
Locate common areas as centrally as possible or near major circulation paths within the project. Avoid remote
locations for common areas.
Territorial Reinforcement
Territorial reinforcement employs such design elements as sidewalks,landscaping,and porches to help distinguish
between public and private areas and helps users exhibit signs of"ownership"that send"hands off'messages to
7
would-be offenders. The concept of territorial reinforcement suggests that physical design can create or extend
a sphere of territorial influence and potential offenders perceive that tetritorial influence. For example: low walls,
landscape and paving patterns to clearly define the space around a unit entry as belonging to (and the
responsibility of)the residents of the unit.
Territorial Reinforcement Fosters A Sense Of Ownership:
People take more interest in something they own or when they feel intrinsically involved. Therefore, the
environment should be designed to clearly delineate private spaces. Provide obvious defined entries, patios,
balconies and terraces. Use low walls, landscape and paving patterns to delineate ownership and responsibility.
Maintenance
Lastly,care and maintenance allows for the continued use of a space for its intended purpose. Deterioration and
blight indicate less concern and control by the intended users of a site and indicate a greater tolerance of disorder.
Proper maintenance protects the public health, safety and welfare in all existing structures, residential and
nonresidential, and on all existing premises by establishing minimum requirements and acceptable standards.
Maintenance is the responsibility of the owners, operators and occupants.
8
DESIGN QUESTIONS
During Schematic Design
4uestions about nei�hborhood conditions
• Who lives in, works in, uses, or travels through this neighborhood?
• How many people are likely to be in the neighborhood during the day? In the evening? Late night?
• Will neighborhood conditions have any impact on the proposed development?
• Will the proposal positively or negatively affect its surroundings?
4uestions about site conditions
• Who will live on,work on, or visit the site?
• What time of the day is the site likely to be used?What days of the week?
• How will people get to the site? On foot? By car? By bus?
4uestions about access, circulation, and parking
• Are there separate entrances for employee vehicles, visitor vehicles, and delivery trucks?
• Can entrances be closed, locked, or blocked during off hours?
• What provisions are there for emergency access to the site? To the building?
• Is there conflict between access to the property and the normal flow of traffic on adjacent streets and
through nearby intersections?
• Is pedestrian movement separated from automobile traffic?
• Are parking stalls and bicycle racks located on the site and oriented to allow for surveillance from the
street? The building? Entrances and exits? Adjacent sites or buildings?
Questions about proposed buildin�s?
• Will buildings and their numbered address be visible from the street(s)? From adjacent properties or
buildings?
• Will building entrances and exits be visible from parking areas and pedestrian paths?
• Are there opportunities to gain roof access?
Ouestions about landscaping
• What kinds of trees, sluubs, or other plants are proposed for the site?
• Where will each of the different kinds of plants be installed? Will trees be planted adjacent to fences or
walls?
• What are the recommendations or requirements for plant maintenance?
• Are walls, fences,plazas, fountains,berms or other landscape elements included in the plan?
• Will plants, walls, fences,plazas, berms or other landscape elements reduce or remove opporiunities to
see entrances and exits?
• Will they provide places to hide?
• Will they be attractive to outsiders?
• How are the dumpsters screened (if this is required)?
• Have signs been provided?Where?
Ouestions about li�htin�
9
• Where will light fixtures be located? Along streets? In parking lots? Near buildings? Attached to the
building?
• What kind of latnp is proposed? How bright?
• How tall will the light poles be?
• Where are the lights relative to the building? Parking? Loading areas? Entrances and exits? Pedestrian
paths?
• Will trees or other landscape elements block some or all of the light falling on the buildings? On the
ground?
• Are entryways well lit?
During Preparation of Construction Drawings
4uestions about floor plans
• Does the interior space appear to be oriented in a logical fashion? Have functional areas been grouped
together?
• What is the relationship between space that can be accessed by the public and space that is reserved for
employees?
• Where are doors and windows located?
• Where are restrooms located(especially public restrooms)?
• Are there pay phones or public phones in the building?
4uestions about materials and products?
• What style doors and windows will be installed?
• Are mirrors, cameras, alarms, or other security devices shown on the plaea or in detail drawings?
• Does the facility use vandal-and graffiti-proof wall coverings or other materials?
Residential Design Recommendations
�o
Single Family Homes
Residential areas are the heart of the city,where we should feel most safe. While we may have multiple choices
when it comes to walking through a certain part of town or
using public transportation,we have few choices when it comes
to the streets where we live.
The principle here is "know thy neighbor". Promote
. . - _-��� .:�.
neighborhood watch programs and design streets and homes to
�-,.. ....
encourage interaction between neighbors. ,_.,,� �° � . �
{� -_ ..�-,:. � .
Natural Access Control
Use walkways and landscaping to direct visitors to the proper -
entrance and away from private areas. _
Natural Surveillance � •r
Fully illuminate all doorways that open to the outside. Place the
front door to be at least partially visible from the street. Install This residence defines ownership of the
windows in living areas to provide visibility of the property. property, an important CPTED Strategy.
Provide appropriate illumination to sidewalks and all areas of the
yard.Place the driveway to be visible from either the front or back door and at least one window. Properly select
and install landscaping so that it allows unobstructed views of vulnerable doors and windows from the street and
other properties.
Territorial Reinforcement
Use front porches or stoops to create a transitional area between the street and the home. Define property lines
and private areas with plantings,pavement treatments,or fences. Make the street address clearly visible from the
street and public way.
Maintenance
Keep trees and shrubs trimmed back from windows, doors and walkways. A good rule to apply when visibility
is an issue is keep shrubs trimmed to three feet in height and prune the lower branches of trees up to seven feet
to maintain clear visibility. Use exterior lighting at night, and keep it all in working order. Keep litter and trash
picked up and the yard neat at all times. The house and garage should be kept in good repair.
I1
Multi-Family Homes
Multi-family homes (townhomes, duplexes, tri-plexes and apartment complexes) pose the same problems as
single-family structures,although these problems can
be compounded by the number of dwellings and
residents. Public areas: shared hallways, elevators, s-�
laundry rooms, and parking areas present a design - �� -- - -- _
challen e for crime revention. ` - •
g P i9� �� !�� � � � d � ; .
_ � �-----�, `,�<,
i -- — � .� :,, -
Multi-family buildings do not necessarily mean ��. ��. � . -; - �'�
multiple problems.There is a certain amount of truth � ' � � --��'�
i�� - �. , i �;;�
to the saying "there's safety in numbers." ��`' ' � �
. .: 3.__-•.' ..���
Management may need to create opporlunities for .! ,�; ��; ry
neighbors to get to know one another and create - -
neighborhood watch programs.When neighbors take
responsibility for Chemselves and each other it creates - ---- ' " �
-• �
a safer environment.
Open stairwells and stair landings are easily visible.
Natural Access Control Balconies and windows provide good surveillance.
• Keep balcony railings and patio enclosures as
low as possible using opaque materials.'VVhen addressing railing heights and construction features comply
with Uniform Statewide Building Code .
• Define entrances to the site and each parking lot with landscaping, architectural design, or symbolic
gateways.
• Block off dead-end spaces with fences or gates.
• Discourage loitering by non-residents; enforce occupancy provisions of leases.
• Use devices which automatically lock upon closing on common building entrances.
• Provide good illumination in hallways.
• Allow no more than four aparaments to share the same entrance; individual entrances are recommended.
• Limit entrat�ce access to the building to only one or two points.
Natural Surveillance
• Design buildings so that exterior doors are visible from the street or by neighbors.
• Use good lighting at all doors that open to the outside.
• Install windows on all four facades of buildings to allow good surveillance.
• Assign parking spaces to residents. Locate the spaces next to the resident's unit, but not marked with
their unit number. This makes unauthorized parking easier to identify and less likely to happen.
• Designate visitor parking.
• Make parking areas visible from windows and doors.
• Adequately illuminate parking areas and pedestrian walkways.
• Position recreation areas(pools,tennis courts,club houses)to be visible from many of the units windows
and doors.
• Screen or conceal dumpsters,but avoid creating blind spots and hiding places.
• Build elevators and stairwells in locations that are clearly visible from windows and doors.
• Allow shrubbery to be no more than three feet high for clear visibility in vulnerable areas.
• Site buildings so that the windows and doors of one unit are visible from another(although not directly
12
opposites).
• Construct elevators and stairwells to be open and well lighted.
• Place playgrounds where they are clearly visible from units, but not next to parking lots or streets.
Territorial Reinforcement
• Define property lines with landscaping or decorative fencing.
• Use low shrubbery three feet maximum and fences to allow visibility from the street.
• Accentuate building entrances with architectural elements, lighting and/or landscaping.
• Clearly identify all buildings and residential units using street numbers that are easily observed from the
street. Provide Arabic numerals at least three inches (76 mm)high with an half inch(13 mm) stroke.
• Where possible, locate individually locking mailboxes next to the appropriate units.
Maintenance
• Maintain all common areas to very high standards, including entrances, and right-of-ways.
• Prune trees and sluubs back from windows, doors and walkways.
• Use and maintain exterior lighting.
• Strictly enforce rules regarding junk vehicles and inappropriate outdoor storage. Disregard of these rules
will make a site appear uncared for and less secure.
Neighborhoods
CPTED guidelines,when applied to neighborhoods,can
create a safe environment without the use of intimidating
methods such as high fences and video monitoring. �.��,"'t.:
. � ��
For instance, streets designed with gateway treatments, , �:. �,.�
roundabouts, speed humps, and other"traffic calming" ��; �`�°�_��=�:�=
._,,, �-������-'-,�� ._�
devices establish territories and discourage speeding and - �����
`�`� ,�-�:� ._:-�
cut-through traffic. By keeping public areas observable, �` mm�"��
�� ....
you are telling potential offenders that they should think - � �
twice before committing a crime. Criminals prefer low- "'+'�"'`� '`
risk situations,and public visibility increases the chances
a perpetrator will be caught.
These measures are simple, inexpensive to implement, - -� �-:""_�-. -:.,;,,m_
and will have a much more positive affect on residents
than gates and bars.
Natural Access Control
• Limit access without completely disconnecting the subdivision from adjacent subdivisions.
• Design streets to discourage cut-through or high-speed traffic.
• Install plantings,and architectural design features such as a columned gateway to guide visitors to desired
entrances and away from private areas.
• Install walkways in locations safe for pedestrians, and use them to define pedestrian bounds.
Natural Surveillance
• Avoid landscaping that might create blind spots or hiding places.
• Locate open green spaces and recreational areas so that they are visible from nearby homes and streets.
13
• Use pedestrian scale street lighting in high pedestrian traffic areas to help people recognize potential
threats at night.
Territorial Reinforcement
• Design lots, streets, and houses to encourage interaction between neighbors.
• Accentuate entrances with the subdivision nan�e, different paving material, changes in street elevation,
architectural, and landscape design.
• Clearly identify residential buildings using street numbers that are easily observed from the street.Provide
Arabic numerals at least three inches(76 mm)high with an half inch(13 mm) stroke.
• Define property lines with post and pillar fencing,gates,and planting to direct pedestrian traffic to desired
points of access only.
Maintenance
• Maintain all common areas to very high standards, including entrances, and right-of-ways.
• Enforce deed restrictions and city codes.
Educational Facility Design Recommendations
14
Educational Facilities
Arson and vandalism cost schools dearly - between five and ten percent of some education authorities'
maintenance budgets are spent repairing vandalism damage. The money could be spent elsewhere by reducing
vandalism through good design and
sensible security measures.
�
Natural Access Control
Locate the site so all areas can be �
• observed during off-school hours �i',
to detect unauthorized activities.
• Limit access to only one � . ;�
controlled entrance which is
easily observable from the main _ _... - -- -
office during the school day. � � rr� p ' �o °
Define the property by using �� � � i�� _ _ ��
. _. .. .... - ...
�= -. .. ..... ..�. _ �..__.
chain link fence,landscaping or a
type of open design barrier to -
control access. � �
• Eliminate or design covered
walkways to restrict access to Low landscaping,pedestrian scale lighting and open space at the
the roof and avoid other front entrance allows for clear visibility both during the day and
structural (such as door evening.
overhangs and fences or
landscaping features)that provide roof access.
• Arrange student lockers to allow casual observation, with plenty of room between rows and no dead-
ends.
• Provide two-way communication throughout the building.
Natural Surveillance
• Designate a main area to secure bike racks that is easily observed from a normally occupied area of the
building.
• Avoid landscaping that might create blind spots or hiding places
• Secure all out buildings and locate them in areas that can be easily observed.
• Provide uniform lighting without glare for scheduled nighttime activities and to pernut good observation
by neighbors and patrol units during non-school hours.
• Design hallways to be easily observed with very few offsets.
• Locate visual panels in all classrooms to allow teachers to observe the hallway with minimal visual
distractions to the seated students.
• Design an open access to the rest rooms with no need for a hallway door.
Territorial Reinforcement
• Locate the main entrance so it is easily identified when approaching the building.
• Locate office near main entrance with plenty of usable glass to allow observation of entrance doors as well
15
as the visitor parking areas.
• Secure tl�e parking areas when the school is not in use.
• Locate signs on and around the premises stating Drug Free Zone and No Trespassing.
• Use pavement markings to identify traffic patterns, faculty, student and visitor parking areas.
Maintenance
• Maintain all lighting equipment.
• Frequently empty trash receptacles.
• Keep buildings and walks clean and repaired.
• Keep lines of sight open. Prune trees and shtubs to allow visual access to all parts of the site.
• Maintain parking areas to a high standard without pot-holes or trash.
• Keep plantings and grounds in good condition.
Commercial Design Recommendations
16
Commercial Storefronts
For a healthy neighborhood to remain healthy,local businesses must flourish;and for businesses to do well,they
must be safe places to frequent.
As land uses become less mixed, and residents are less able to watch over commercial properties; it is essential
that CPTED guidelines be followed when building or remodeling a commercial property. Safety is often cited
as an important consideration in choosing one
store over another. Ideas such as keeping .�_ � -
customers and em lo ees in view of each other �� R -
P Y �
can accomplish much in the way of making '`
customers feel safe. ,, �i ;f
;� ;�
Natural Access Control ���`
t:.; �
• Locate check-out counters at the front of ;�,;,;,�f::; �
� ;
the store,clearly visible from the outside. :
�
When positioned near the main entrance, �
employees can better watch activities. �
• Clearly mark public paths. Make private � �.;
areas harder for non-employees to access. ' '
• Use signs to direct patrons to parking and � ` :=�'.'':_ .�.:.: ...;=..; � •�'`
:,�'.,.= , _ti;..�.y ,
entrances. r�,T - �'��:':a.���=-:s
• Prevent easy access to the roof or fire Outdoor seating allows for natural surveillance.
escape from the ground.
• Provide rear public access to shops if rear
public parking is offered.
Natural Surveillance
• Install rear windows to face rear parking
areas for increased visibility. �� ':`�;:: ::;�.,:;�: �`�� M
• - .w:�'���::':::�^��1�Y���^`�..,.,�..::.:;:".:. . . .. ... .... � .
...:..
� _ �����:::::..:.a:�`�.:'�:.':.�<',.:....:,:._
Allow window signs to cover no more
than 15°/0 of windows. � '� �r ..
• Use interior shelving and displays no � ',
higher than five feet, even less in front � " :�
windows. � -
e
• Fully illuminate the exterior of the � �, � s • ,
building and grounds at night. .�` � - - --
• Design water retention areas to be visible ;�> - .-
from the building or street. They should ` �
be visual amenities neither hedged nor
fenced which could allow undesirable Clean, maintained and well lighted areas promote a concern
activities to be hidden. for clientele and employees.
• Place all entrances under visual
surveillance.
• Place any pay telephones within clear view of employees.
Territorial Reinforcement
17
• Mark propercy boundaries,where possible, with hedges, low fences or gates.
• Make private areas distinguishable from public areas.
• Identify shops with wall signs for those parking in the rear.
• Install awnings over rear doors and windows.
• Position parking areas to be clearly visible from the building or street with neatly marked spaces.
Maintenance
• Keep buildings and walks clean and repaired.
• Maintain parking areas to a high standard without pot-holes or trash.
• Remove faded posters,broken signs, and other displays that are beyond their useful lives.
• Keep plantings in good condition.
Shopping Ma�ls
Shopping Malls often provide much of the "public" space in communities and as such can present mixed
opportunities. On the one hand, they perform the important function of serving as a gathering place for the
cotanmunity, and on the other hand a mall can be an attraction for criminal activity.
In an effort to deter criminal activity,it is important that designers and remodelers implement CPTED strategies.
Natural Access Control
• Clearly mark public entrances with landscape, architecture, and graphiclsignage.
• Designate sidewalks and"public" areas with special paving and/or landscaping.
• Use landscaping to divide the parking areas into smaller lots.
• Separate loading zones, with designated delivery hours, from public parking areas.
• Allow no unsecured access to roof tops from wit.hin or from adj acent shuctures such as parking garages.
Natural Surveillance
• Position restroom entrances to be visible from main pedestrian areas,but away from outside exits and pay
telephones.
• Illuminate parking areas at night to increase visibility and eliminate shadows.
• Avoid creating dead end alleys or blind spots in loading areas.
• Design parking garages so that all levels, including the staircase, are visible from the street or ground
floor.
• Equip garages with high quality lighting.
• Use perpendicular parking in front of stores rather than parallel to allow greater visibility between cars.
• Place water retention areas in locations visible from the building or street.
• Avoid exterior walls without windows.
• Use baffle type restroom entrances-no doors to hinder suuveillance. Restrooms as well as areas leading
to them should be well lighted.
Territorial Reinforcement
• Define property perimeters with landscaping, decorative fencing, gates, and signs.
• Have signs that clearly identify the interior businesses and use site signage to mark public entry points.
Maintenance
18
• Maintain high visual quality on site. Use appropriate landscaping to control maintenance costs.
• Keep buildings and walks clean and repaired.
• Maintain parking areas to a high standard with no pot-holes or trash.
• Install attractive displays in windows of vacant stores to avoid creating an abandoned image.
• Keep lines of sight open. Prune trees and shrubs to allow visual access to all parts of the site.
Office Buildings
As office buildings grow in size and pedestrian and vehicle traffic increases, safety becomes an extremely
important issue. Regardless of the size of the structure being built, it can be safe and secure. For instance, all
tenants must show photo identification upon entering. Metal grills with letter-sized slits should cover mail slots.
Garages and loading areas should be secured by steel anti-ram barricades.
It is important to avoid the adverse images which come with fortress hardware,but recognizable security should
be present.
Natural Access Conh-ol
• Clearly define public entrances with architectural elements,lighting,landscaping,paving,and/or signage.
• Reduce the number of public access points to those which are watched by guards, receptionists, nearby
tenants, or passing traffic.
Natural Surveillance
• Position restrooms to be
observed from nearby offices.
• Install and use good lighting at
all exterior doors, common
areas, and hallwa s. - � �'�t�' ` ; -�
y �k�k ����� ����
• Keep dumpsters visible and •�:}" '�:���
xr� > '�r:=?
avoid creatin blind s ots or '�'�'�•° � � �3 � I'= ���-
g P �`�� .� � ,
hiding places, or place them in .:� { , �:�
secured, locked areas.
� ,'� _
• Design windows and exterior
doors so that they are visible , �
from the street or by neighboring ____
buildings. . _ ^ �,. _. .__
• Install windows into all facades �.�� , - _..
_� ...,.,-.�...�-
,.
except where in conflict with �= "��"'�-�- � - '
building code.
• Place parking as to be visible A well maintained office building with good visibility around the
from windows. entire perimeter.
• Keep shrubbery under three feet
in height for visibility.
• Prune the lower branches of trees to at least seven feet off the ground.
• Do not obstruct views from windows.
Territorial Reinforcement
19
• Define perimeters with landscaping or fencing.
• Design fences to maintain visibility from the street.
• Differentiate exterior private areas from public areas.
• Position security and/or reception areas at all entrances.
Maintenance
• Keep all exterior areas neat and clean.
• Keep all plantings looking well managed.
Industries
In most industrial site design,the most important issue is the safety of those who will be working or traveling to
these sites. Unfortunately,safety regarding crime is often given little consideration. After work hours,industrial
areas are,for the most part,badly illwninated,seldom under any type of surveillance,and virtually deserted,which
in itself can be a problem. Add this isolation to industrial blind alleys and expansive parking areas and you have
the potential for an extremely unsafe envirotunent.
Natural Access Control
• Avoid dead end driveways and design streets to increase surveillance opportunities from passing traffic
and patrols.
• Use easily securable site entrances. Install entrance controls to employee parking areas (fence, gate,
attendant).
• Assign parking by shifts, and account for late night workers with close-in spaces.
• Plan storage yards for vehicular or visual
access by patrol cars.
• Resh-ict access to roofs by way of .- -.
�
dumpsters, loading docks, stacked items, i � r �'�` � ''`'� ;'� �TT�° o ''
ladders, etc. E y :n
• Keep building entrances to a tninimum, and , r- - • }
monitor them. �, f, ,�,. s� -�`"'""'r,j
• Use a separate, well marked, monitored �' 'F - sxry" , � �
ts: `'.r �.
entrance for deliveries. �� �� • _
• Have the employee entrance close to the
employee parku�►g and work stations.
• Keep nighttirne parking separate from -
service areas. -
• Provide access to both the front and the -
back of the site so that the grounds can be
patrolled. This manned guardhouse allows for both access control
• Use separate docks for shipping and �d surveillance.
receiving.
Nahrral Surveillance
• Illuanit�ate and define all entrances so that they are visible to the public and patrol vehicles.
• Make parltang areas visible to patrol cars,pedestrians,parking attendants, and/or building personnel.
• Position parlcirtg attendants for maxamum visibility of property.
20
• Design the reception area to have a view of parking areas, especially the visitor's parking.
• Use walls only where necessary and, if used, make them high enough to prevent circumvention.
• Avoid creating hiding places in alleys, storage yards, loading docks, etc.
Territorial Reinforcement
• Create a well-defined entrance or gateway with plantings, fences, gates, etc.
• Limit deliveries to daylight hours only, if possible.
• Define vehicle entrances with different paving materials and signage.
• Separate visitor parking from employee parking and shipping and receiving areas.
Maintenance
• Keep all exterior areas neat and clean.
• Keep all plantings looking well managed.
Parking Structures
Studies show that in both urban and suburban environments,parking structures are the most problematic. These
structures isolate people. Many structures are not only badly designed-with many blind spots and hiding areas-
but badly maintained as well.
CPTED guidelines can do much in the way of improving parking structure safety without tremendous cost. With
the simple addition of high intensity lighting, for example, a garage can quickly become a much safer area.
Natural Access Control
• Use attendants or cameras and sound monitors. Indicate
their presence with signs.
• Position all pedestrian entrances next to vehicle entrances
but design the entrances to clearly define and separate each
as to avoid otential vehicle/ edestrian conflicts. �"�'- �'r!���i, ,
P P � �°� ,lu,_��, t.
• Construct stauwells to be open and visible, without solid ` �,i��j��;�''�;�!��h��t�,:
walls. � ��I����� l�sa�t��."�i � ��I
• Place elevators close to the main entrance, with the entire 9` .�°�'�1$l,��PLi'►'�li��,�.�„��
interior in view when the doors are open. �
• Do not install permanent stop buttons in elevators. ;'
• Limit access to no more than two designated, monitored � j'���y
entrances. ,t�� �
Natural Surveillance
• Monitor elevators with cameras and microphones, or use
see-through material for the car walls. ', �
• Fully illuminate all parking spaces and driving lanes.
Maintain a minimum of five foot candles. Metal halide
lamps provide the best color rendition.
Maintenance This open stair provides good visibility from
• Keep all surfaces clean and light colored to reflect light store entrance as well as the parking area.
21
(paint white if necessary,particularly if underground).
• Carefully maintain all lighting equipment.
. _ - y �. # - --. --
_ :,�
.,
. � .. rJ � .. . .
- �.��• F ' �1•,� J I
s
- �� � - ,
_ �r� �r -'�
Commercial Dri�ve- �'� �
� - -- �-��
Through
Drive-through facilities, especially automatic The openings cut into this wall allow views of the parking
teller machines (ATM}, are potentially the area.
perfect place for criminal activity. They are often
used at odd hours, are hidden from view, and
those using them will almost certainly be catrying cash. The rule for designing a drive-through should be to
emphasize visibility.
Natural Surveillance
• Locate ATM's to face main roads. �
• Put the ordering station for a restaurant within sight of the
interior and the street.
• The area should have adequate lighting at both the ATM and
along the queuing lane.
• Avoid fencing, landscaping, and walls whose desigm might —��
provide hiding opportunities for those preying on patrons.
�.. - '�,,�
'p'�•�� "`--r��' ���. .
� ~ I
f ���
� 1 -
L•� �
This ATM is well lighted and is
located for visibility from the main
Lands�aping Re�ommendations p��g�ea and the public street.
• Planting and selection of landscape material should be such that sight lines remain open and clear, and
places of concealment are not fostered.
22
■ Keep shrubs trimmed to three feet, or at least below window sills, when safety is an issue.
■ Prune the lower branches of trees to at least seven feet off the ground
• If graffiti is a known problem in the area, specify thorny landscape plants as a natural barrier to deter
unwanted entry.
• Specify vines or planted wall coverings to deter graffiti. Avoid blank spaces which may be an invitation
to graffiti vandals.
• Provide landscape and fencing that do not create
hiding places for criminals. Discourage crime by
creating an inhospitable environment for criminals.
• Provide attractive and durable (masonry) fencing
whenever possible. Consider creative solutions to
fencing schemes which work aesthetically as well as �A Y �"=g �:
�� �-..
functionally. ; °�'`'- -
�:'��_ Y�:- ...,
.: °�;.��' _�:�.�
- :..:.;'....�...�::.: ;�;::..,;... . .
:_';,::;;:�. . .>:�e.;: ;. ..';:':-:V�, .�:;.r:--,.
-
.
Use lighting in the landscaping both for security and "° '-���` °' ""�°� -- ~'�K_"
aesthetics.
Lighting Recommendations
Lighting is an important element in any site design. Whether a single house or a shopping mall, appropriate
lighting techniques should be used. Good lighting will help people to feel more comfortable with their
23
surroundings. It should provide clear paths for movement and higtilight enhyways without creating harsh effects
or shadowy hiding places.
• Provide lighting systems which provide night time vision for motorists to increase the visibility of
pedestrians, other vehicles and objects which should been seen and avoided.
• Design lighting systems for pedestrians,homeowners and business people to permit pedestrians to see one
another, and to see risks involved in walking at night.
• Provide lighting systems which will enhance the ability for surveillance and observation.
• Provide lighting systems that minunize glare, shadow, light pollution and light trespass.
�
i . �"�i ; T`"� _
- �� �
r
24
Appendix
Law Regulation and Policy Supporting CPTEI]
Research Briefs/ Resources/ Reference Materials
Acknowledgments
25
LAW REGULATION
AND
POLICY
SUPPORTING CPTED
Virginia Crime Prevention Association
4914 Radford Ave.,Suite 306
Riclunond,VA 23230
(804)359-8120 FA.X(804)359-1705
wepreventCaol.com-www.vcpa.org
26
PREFACE
Early in 1996, the Criminal Justice Services Board embarked on a mission to develop a strategic
planning guide for the criminal justice system in Virginia. Comma�nity- Oriented Justice: Strategies
for Virginia is designed to focus debate on future goals and strategies for the improvement of the
administration of justice.Community-oriented justice is an ideal,not an agenda or mandate.The intent
is to emphasize the critical role of citizens and the community to assist in establishing and maintaining
public safety,justice and the quality of life.Community-oriented justice encourages citizen involvement
through acceptance of responsibility as an individual and by supporting the work of law enforcement
professionals.
These are not the goals of the Board or the Department. They are your goals. They were developed
for your use from the ideas and suggestions of hundreds of criminal justice practitioners and other
concerned citizens who provided input individually, as well as through focus groups and associations.
The document advocates active partnerships among citizens, government and businesses to solve
community problems, prevent crime and accept civic responsibility. We believe it constitutes an
important development in the evolution of a justice system where the rights of all citizens are
considered and honored.
The plan is divided into five categories: 1) Community Enhancement and Cooperative EfForts;
2) Program Support, 3) Planning, Evaluation and Research, 4) Technology, and 5) Training and
Education. Within each category are suggested goals, objectives and implementation strategies
featuring icons to focus particular areas of interest upon a strategy.Readers are encouraged to review
the entire document and not only those areas represented by their icon. Our hope is that you will find
one or two, or even twenty ideas that will work well in your community to address your challenges.
A special thanks is extended to members of the Board, DCJS and the focus groups for their interest
and participation in this collaborative effort. We hope you will agree that their time spent developing
this guide was worthwhile.
Henry E. Hudson
Chauman
Criminal Justice Services Board
Bruce C. Morris
Director
Departrnent of Criminal Justice Services
27
Program Support
Goal
Incorporate crime prevention principles in cornmunity planning and service delivery.
Discussion
While citizen-based crime prevention (e.g., Neighborhood Watch. Community Crime Prevention Councils) is
essential in helping to reduce the opporhinity for crime,crime prevention principles can also be incorporated into
the community planning process and service delivery functions of a locality. Concepts such as CPTED (Crime
Prevention Through Environmental Design)can be utilized by community planners to help zone and design safer
business and residential areas by having them consider crime risks in the design process. CPTED can also be
employed by architects to help design safer buildings and homes in a community.A CPTED CD-ROM has been
developed which provides guidance in tutorial form for those individuals seeking to learn more about CPTED
programs in general.
Crime prevention can also serve as a focus for those agencies responsible for enforcing city and county codes.
Localities can fortn code enforcement teams,consisting of representatives of all agencies concerned with public
safety and health,to help identify problem areas and properties that are crixne risks or could become future crime
risks without appropriate attention. These teams can then focus on eliminating factors which attract crime and
violence, such as improper zoning, trash accumulation and health and fire hazards, thereby reducing future
victimization.
Objectives
1. Foster parhierships between crime prevention practitioners, community planners, architects as�d public
safety/health agencies.
2. Provide CPTED training to individuals and agencies involved in the community planning and maintenance
process.
3. Encourage the development of code enforcement teams to serve as a crime prevention tool in localities.
Impleme�ttation Strategies
!Enhance the CD-ROM tutorial in CPTED and distribute it, upon request, to interested agencies and
individuals.
!Provide regional and statewide multi-disciplinary training in CPTED.
!Develop a CPTED cwtxiculum for architecture, engineering,urban planning and public adtninistration
students.
! Provide grant opporturiities to Virginia localities interested in establishing code enforcement teams.
! Establish local code enforcement teams to help reduce the opportunity for crirne.
28
Department of Criminal Justice Services
Governor's Comprehensive
Crime Prevention Plan for Virginia
GOAL
To establish the safer by design approach as a routine practice in Virginia.
! Action
! Establish a Safer By Design Consortium of architectural and urban planning programs within Virginia's
universities to develop a curriculum for architecture, engineering, urban planning and public
administration students which incorporates Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED).
! Encourage localities to incorporate CPTED practices into the master planning process, development,
zoning requirements and site plan reviews.
! Sponsor an annual Governor's Crime Prevention Student Design Competition for students of architecture.
! Promote crime prevention as a critical component of economic development.
! Promote the expansion of proven CPTED practices in the Uniform Statewide Building Code
! Require a CPTED component in all master plans of state facilities and CPTED reviews for construction of
all new state buildings.
! Impact
! Lessens property owners' exposure to negligent security lawsuits.
! Reduces rates of victimization without driving up construction costs.
! Addresses crime at the front end, or primary level,much like fire prevention and public health do very
efFectively.
! Saves costs to the taxpayers by reducing the number of investigations, arrests,prosecutions and prison
commitments.
!Justification
The Safer By Design, or CPTED, concept is one of the most impressive and cost effective primary prevention
strategies available. It Considers crime risks at the front-end when designing buildings. While it might also
involve the application of traditional security measures, the concept focuses on making buildings less crime-
prone without turning them into fortresses. This is achieved through subtle changes in design based on how,
when and where crimes typically occur. The best example of a successful application of CPTED is the low
crime rate experienced in the Washington Metro compared to the high crime rate in the New York City
Subway.
29
VIRGINIA ACTS OF ASSEMBLY--CHAPTER
An Act to amend the Code of Virginia by adding a section
numbered 22.1-278.1, relating to school safety audits.
[H 1851j
Approved
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That the Code of Virginia is amended by adding a section numbered 22.1-278.1 as follows:
§22.1-278.1. School safety audits required.
A. For the purposes of this section, "school safety audit" means an assessment of the safety conditions in each
public school to (i) identify and, if necessary, develop solutions for physical safety concerns, including building
security issues and (ii) identify and evaluate any patterns of student safety concerns occurring on school
property or at school-sponsored events. Solutions and responses may include recommendations for structural
adjustments, changes in school safety procedures, and revisions to the school board's standards for student
conduct.
B. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall develop a list of items to be reviewed and evaluated in the
school safety audits required by tlus section. Each local school board shall require all schools under its
supervisory control to conduct school safety audits as defined in this section and consistent with such list.
C. The school board may establish a school safety audit committee to consist of representatives of parents,
teachers, local law-enforcement agencies,judicial and public safety personnel, and the community-at-large.
The school safety audit committee shall evaluate, in accordance with the directions of the local school board,
the safety of each school and submit a plan for improving school safety at a public meeting of the local school
board.
Zoning § 15.1-489
Zoning ordinances shall be for the general purpose of promoting the health, safety or general welfare of the
public and of fizrther accomplisiung the objectives of§15.1-427. To these ends, such ordinances shall be
designed to give reasonable consideration to each of the following purposes, where applicable: (i)to provide
for adequate light, air, convenience of access, and safety from fire, flood, crime and other dangers;....
Landlord Tenant Act§ 55-248.13:1
The governing body of any county, city or town may require by ordinance that any landlord who rents five or
more dwelling units in any one building shall install:
1. Dead-bolt locks wfuch meet the requirements of the Uniform Statewide Building Code(§
36-97et seq.) for new multi-family construction and peepholes in any exterior swinging entrance
door to any such unit; however, any door having a glass panel shall not require a peephole.
2. Manufacturer's locks which meet#he requirements of the Uniform Statewide Building Code and removable
metal pins or charlie bars in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Building Code on exterior sliding glass
doors located in a building at any level or levels designated in the ordinance.
30
3. Locking devices which meet the requirements of the Uniform Statewide Building Code on all exterior
windows.
Any ordinance adopted pursuant to this section shall further provide that any landlord subject to the ordinance
shall have a reasonable time as determined by the governing body in which to comply with the requirements of
the ordinance.
Neighborhood Assistance Act§ 63.1-321
Definitions "Crime prevention" means any activity which aids the prevention or reduction of crime in an
impoverished area.
Neighborhood Assistance Act§ 63.1-322
It is hereby declared to be public policy of the Commonwealth of Virginia to encourage direct investment by
business firms in offering neighborhood assistance and providing job training, education, crime prevention,
and community services to neighborhood organizations to benefit individuals living in impoverished areas or
impoverished people.
3l
Research Briefs/Resources/Reference Materials
Reference Material Notes
J.Q.Wilson and G.L.Kelling,"Broken Windows, At the time of its publication,this article was instrumental in
"The Atlantic Monthly,March 1982,pp.29-38. changing attitudes about the role of law enforcement and its approach to
problem solving.
C.R.Jeffery,Crime Prevention Through Environmental This book gave crime prevention through environmental design its name. [t
Design,Beverly Hills,CA: Sage Publications, 1971. calls for a change in the way the criminal justice system deals with offenders
by evaluating the offender's surroundings and opportunities for crimes.
Crime Prevention Throagh Environmental Design,Crime Two videos:one co�ers basic CPTED concepts,the other addresses their
Prevention Thorough Environmental Design in application in the convenience store setting.
Convenience S[ores(videos),Tallahassee,FL:Office of
the Attorney General, 1988.
T.D.Crowe,Crime Prevention Through Environmental A basic text and practical that defines concepts and terminology,provides
Design,Stoneham,MA:Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991. both simple and both complex examples and offers models for evaluating
schools or other environments.
Dan Fleissner and Fred Heinzelmann,Cnme prevention Evaluated the role of police in the context of crime prevention. The move to
Through Environmental Design and Community Policing, community policing resulted in many officers dealing with a broad range of
Washington,DC:US Deparhnent of Justice,August 1996. neighborhood problems and CPTED concepts may be valuable for identify
appropriate solutions.
M.S.Smith,Crime Prevention Through Environmental Discuss those elements of parking lot and parking garage design that promote
Design in Parking Facilities,Washington,DC:US security.
Department of Justice,National Institute of Justice,April
!996.
J.Jacobs,the Death and life of Great American Cities, An important book that describes lively and safe neighborhoods and those
New York,NY:Vintage Books, 1961. that are unsafe. Jacobs'observations influence professionals in many fields
and changed their approaches to planning,design,housing,and criminology.
O.Newman,Defensible Space:Crime Prevention Through An early book documenting Newman's work in public housing. He examines
Environmental Design,New York,NA:Macmillian, 1972 both physicai and social characteristics of that housing-size and scale,open
space,degree of ownership and responsibility-and offers recommendations
for improving the public housing environment. Newman's defensible space
concepts are the foundation for most later work in crime prevention through
environmental design.
B. Poyner,Design Against Crime:Beyond Defensible
Space,London:Buttenvorths, 1983
P.J.and P.L. Brantingham,ed.,Environmental A collection of articles that describes how offenders perceive space,how they
Criminology,Beverly Hill,CA: Sage, 1981 use their environment,and the relationship between the physical environment
and opportunities for crime.
J.Q.Wilson and G.L.Kelling"Making Neighborhoods A sequel to"Broken Windows,"describing actions throughout the country to
Safe,The Atlantic Monthly,February 1989,pp.46-52. improve communiry quality of Life.
32
Acknowledgments
These guidelines were researched and prepared by the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Committee to
disseminate to design professionals and the development community so that these principles can be incorporated in the
design process. The Committee consisted of the following stakeholders:
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Tom Pauls,Comprehensive Planning Coordinator
Debbie Zywna,Planner
Karen Prochilo,Planner
Stephen White,Planning Commission Manager
Faith Christie,Zoning Inspector
Cheri Hainer,Pernuts&Inspections
POLICE DEPARTMENT
M.P.O. Jeff Eaton,Crime Prevention
Tom Mitchell
TIDEWATER BUILDERS ASSOCIATION
Debra Murphy Darr
LANDSCAPE SERVICES
Frank Fentress,Landscape Architect
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Captain Billy Smith
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
Mike Shahsiah,Civil Engineer
HOUSING
Sharon Prescott
CONVENTION AND VISITOR DEVELOP:VIENT
Rob Hudome
PARKS AND RECREATION
Barry Frankenfield
Brian Solis
Brian Phelps
SCHOOLS
Anthony Arnold
For firrther information please contact The Ciry of Virginia Beach:
Department of Planning/Comprehensive Planning Crime Prevention Unit
Municipal Center-Building 2 Municipal Center-Building 15
2405 Courthouse Drive 2509 Princess Anne Road
Virginia Beach,VA 23456-9040 Virginia Beach,VA 23456-9064
(757)427-4621 (757)563-1006
33
34
1 ITEM NO. 6B
Community Development and Planning Department
L��ty Of ul�i�i 300 Seminary Avenue
Ukiah, CA 95482
planninq(a�cityofukiah.com
(707)463-6203
2
3 DATE: February 25, 2016
4
5 TO: Design Review Board
6
7 FROM: Michelle Johnson-Assistant Planner
8
9 SUBJECT: City of Ukiah Zoning Code Amendment Revision Discussion
10
11
12 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
13
14 Staff will be proposing a Zoning Code Amendment to the Planning Commission and City
15 Council in the near future and is seeking comments and a recommendation from the Design
16 Review Board on the following:
17
18 1. Changing the parking lot tree shading requirement from 10 years to 15 years.
19
20 Applies to the following zoning districts: R-2, R-3, C-N, C-1, C-2, P-D, P-F, and AIP
21 Ordinance (separately).
22
23 Parking lots with twelve (12) or more parking stalls shall have a tree placed between
24 every four (4) parking stalls within a continuous linear planting strip, rather than
25 individual planting wells, unless clearly infeasible. Parking lot trees shall primarily be
26 deciduous species, and shall be designed to provide tree canopy coverage of fifty
27 percent (50%) over all paved areas within fifteen (15) years of planting. Based upon the
28 design of the parking lot, a reduced number of trees may be approved through the
29 discretionary review process.
30
31 The reason for the proposed code amendment change is that the expected canopy cover of
32 50% in a ten (10) year period is impossible. The fifteen (15) year coverage is consistent with
33 City of Davis's current requirement; and was used in the recent approval of the Walmart
34 Expansion and Costco Projects.
35
36 2. Changing the maximum fence height in the R-1 zone from 6-feet to 7-feet.
37
38
39 Fences and hedges and other screen planting, may be erected in any district, subject to
40 the following conditions:
41
42 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this subsection, no fence shall
43 be constructed exceeding seven feet (7') in height, and no hedge or other screen
1
1 planting shall be grown or permitted to grow, exceeding six feet (6') in height
2 measured from the original grade on the lot.
3
4 2. No fence shall be constructed and no hedge or other screen planting shall be
5 grown or permitted to grow, exceeding three feet in height measured from the
6 original grade on the lot, in any required front yard or to the front of any front
7 setback line.
8
9 3. Fences exceeding seven feet (7') in height to enclose commercial or industrial
10 uses, or tennis courts, swimming pools, or similar areas, may be erected subject
11 to the obtaining of a use permit therefor. (Ord. 793, §2, adopted 1982)
12
13 The above proposed to change to the zoning code regarding fence height is because vertical
14 fence boards are often pre-cut to 6-foot lengths and the boards are raised off the ground a few
15 inches, the typical wood fence installation exceeds 6 feet and was previously not exempt from
16 the permitting requirement of the code. In addition; some code users have experienced difficulty
17 in accurately measuring fence height because of irregularities in the ground surface. The intent
18 in raising the height from 6 feet to 7 feet for permit exemption is to avoid difficulty in making this
19 determination. The thought is that most fences will be only a few inches higher than 6 feet and
20 well below a height of 7 feet, making the determination of whether a permit is required readily
21 apparent.
22
23 Attachments:
24
25 1. R105.2 Fences Exempt from Permit Informational
26
27
28
2
- ■ Attachmen� yt �
2 PART 1 Admmistration
R 105�� CHANGE TYPE: Modification
Fences Exempt CHANGE SUMMARY: Fences up to 7 feet high are now exempt from
from Permit permit requirements.
2013 CODE: R105.2 Work Exempt from Permit. Permits shall not
be required for the following.Exemption from permit requirements af this
code shall not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done
in eny manner in violation of the provisions of this code or any other laws '
or ordinances of this jurisdiction. �
Building: �
1. One-story detached accessory structures used as tool and storage �
sheds, playhouses and similar uses,provided the floor area does �
not exceed 120 square feet(11.15 m2).
2. Fences not over 8�feet(�8�9 2134 mm)high. 1
3. through 10. [no change to text] i
�
CHANGE SIGNIFICANCE: Because vertical fence boards are often precut
to 6-foot lengths and the boards are raised off the ground a few inches,
the typical wood fence installation exceeds 6 feet and was previously not
exempt &om the permitti.ng requirement of the code. In addition, some
code users have experienced difficulty in accurately measuring fence �
height because of irregularities in the ground surface.The intent in raising �
the height from 6 feet to 7 feet for permit exemption is to avoid di�culty
in maki.ng this determination.The thought is that most fences will be only �
a few inches higher than 6 feet and well below a height of 7 feet, making j
the determination of whether a permit is required readily apparent. �
�
�7 ft. �
!. �
s 7 ft. v j
� - Grade $ '
Grade � �
�
=
Fence exempt from permit.